| Active infection, local or systemic | Any infectious process increases the risk of complications, poor healing and infection of the treated tissues. Surgery should be postponed until it has fully resolved. |
| Uncontrolled systemic diseases | Conditions such as poorly controlled diabetes, heart failure, severe lung disease or uncontrolled hypertension increase anesthetic and surgical risk. They must be stabilized before the procedure is considered. |
| Severe coagulation disorders | They increase the risk of hematomas, intraoperative bleeding and postoperative complications, one of the main concerns in facial rejuvenation surgery. A prior hematological assessment is required. |
| Treatment with anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs | It is not an absolute contraindication, but it requires specific planning and, where possible, a temporary suspension or adjustment coordinated with the prescribing doctor. |
| Active smoking | Nicotine reduces blood flow to the skin and significantly increases the risk of skin necrosis, delayed healing, wound dehiscence and infection. Quitting smoking is recommended for at least 4 weeks before and 4 weeks after surgery. |
| Vascular disease or significant microcirculation disorders | Blood supply to the skin is essential for proper healing. Conditions that compromise blood flow increase the risk of complications and require an individualized assessment. |
| Active autoimmune diseases | Conditions such as lupus, scleroderma or certain types of vasculitis can affect healing and the inflammatory response. The indication must be individualized together with the relevant specialist. |
| Body dysmorphic disorder or unrealistic expectations | When the motivation for surgery stems from a distorted perception of body image or from expectations that cannot be met, surgery will not resolve the dissatisfaction. These patients require a prior psychological assessment. |
| Unstable psychological state or uncontrolled psychiatric disorders | Recovery and satisfaction with the result also depend on adequate emotional stability. It is advisable to stabilize the clinical situation before considering a cosmetic procedure. |
| Pregnancy or breastfeeding | Although the deep plane facelift is a facial surgery, pregnancy and breastfeeding involve physiological changes and an anesthetic context in which elective cosmetic surgery should be postponed. |
| Active drug use or uncontrolled alcoholism | These situations increase anesthetic risk, make recovery more difficult and can compromise adherence to post-operative care. |
| Recent facial surgery or unresolved previous complications | The presence of hematomas, infection, inadequate healing or tissue changes after previous surgery means waiting for these to resolve before a new procedure. |
| Uncontrolled high blood pressure | It is a major risk factor for the development of postoperative hematomas, one of the most significant complications of a facelift. It must be properly controlled before surgery. |
| Active skin conditions in the surgical area | Dermatitis, skin infections or inflammatory processes of the face must be treated beforehand to minimize the risk of healing complications. |
| Biological age or frailty that increases surgical risk | Chronological age is not a contraindication in itself, but patients with significant frailty or multiple comorbidities may not be suitable candidates following the anesthetic and medical assessment. |
| Inability to follow post-operative care | The success of a deep plane facelift also depends on following medical recommendations, check-ups and aftercare. When this cannot be ensured, surgery should be reconsidered. |